20. Sannojana Duka:
(i) (1118). What are the dhamma which are fetters?
There are ten fetters, namely, fetter of attachment to sense pleasures, fetter of ill-will, fetter of conceit, fetter of wrong view, fetter of uncertainty, fetter of wrong view of the practice of morality, fetter of craving for existences, fetter of jealousy, fetter of meaness-and-stinginess, and fetter of ignorance.
(1119). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of attachment to
sense pleasures?
There are: sense desire, attachment to sensual delight, craving for sense pleasures, sensual love, burning desire for sense pleasures, sensual infatuation, being overwhelmed by sensual craving.
~This is called the fetter of attachment to sensual pleasures.
(1120). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of ill-will?
Animosity arises (at the thought) 'that something disadvantageous to me has been done', 'that something disadvantageous to me is being done', 'that something disadvantageous to me will be done', 'that something disadvantageous to me will be done'; animosity arises (at the thought) 'that something disadvantageous to one I asteem and love has been done' ...p... is being done ...p... will be done'; animosity arises (at the thought) 'that something advantageous to one I do not esteem and love has been done ...p... is being done ...p... will be done'. Besides, animosity also arises without any cause.
There are in the mind such animosity, strong animosity, hostility, antagonism, indignation, strong indignation, extreme indignation, hatred, strong hatred, extreme hatred, getting upset, getting extremely upset, anger, feeling of anger, being giving to anger, hatred, having hatred, being giving to hatred, being upset, getting upset, being prone to getting upset, opposition, repeated opposition, rudeness, incoherent speech, displeasure.
~This is called the fetter of ill-will.
(1121). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of conceit?
The conceit that 'I am superior', the conceit that 'I am equal', the conceit that 'I am inferior'.
~This is called the fetter of conceit.
(1122). Of those (ten fetter), what is the fetter of wrong view?
There are: the wrong view that 'the world (i.e., the five aggregates) is eternal', or that 'the world is not eternal'; that 'the world is finite', or the 'the world is infinite'; that 'the soul is the same as the body', or that 'the soul is one thing and the body; that 'a sentient being exists after death', or that 'a sentient being does not exist after death', or that ' a sentient being neither exists nor does not exist after death'.
There is such wrong view, wrong view of that nature, the thicket of wrong view, the wilderness of wrong view, the thorny spike of wrong view, the inconsistency of wrong view, the fetter of wrong view, obsession with wrong view, persistent obsession with wrong view, adherence to wrong view, misconception which is wrong view, detestable path, wrong course, wrongness, base of wrong view, tenacity of wrong view.
~This is called the fetter of wrong view.
leaving aside the fetter of wrong practice of morality, all wrong views are also the fetter of wrong view.
(1123). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of uncertainty?
There are: doubt and uncertainty about the Teacher, doubt and uncertainty about the Doctrine, doubt and uncertainty about the Samgha, doubt and uncertainty about the Practice (of sila, samadhi, panna), doubt and uncertainty about past existences, doubt and uncertainty about future existences, doubt and uncertainty about (both) past and future existences, doubt and uncertainty about the relation between cause and effect (as set out) in the Theory of Cause and Effect, (Paticcasamuppada).
There are such doubt, being doubtful, the fact of being doubtful, perplexity, uncertainty, being in two minds, indecisiveness, inability to make up the mind, inability to come to a definite decision, vacillation, hesitation, wavering, mental stiffness caused by indecision, vexation of the mind.
~This is called the fetter of uncertainty.
(1124). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of wrong view of
practice of morality?
There is the view of samanas and brahmanas outside this Teaching that they can attain purity (to realize Nibbana) by means of their morality, by means of their practice, and by means of their morality and practice. There is such wrong view, wrong view of that nature, the thicket of wrong view, the wilderness of wrong view, the thorny spike of wrong view, the inconsistency of wrong view, the fetter of wrong view, obsession with wrong view, persistent obsession with wrong view, adherence to wrong view, misconception which is wrong view, detestable path, wrong course, wrongness, base of wrong view, tenacity of wrong view.
~This is called the fetter of wrong view of the practice of morality.
(1125). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of craving for existence?
There are: longing for existence in the Fine material Sphere and the Non-material Sphere, attachment of existence, delight in existence, craving for existence, love for existence, burning desire for existence, infatuation for existence, being overwhelmed by desire for existence.
~This is called the fetter of craving for existence.
(1126). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of jealousy?
There are: envy of others gain, envy of other being revered, envy of others being highly esteemed, envy of others being adored, envy of others being venerated, envy of others being honoured.
There are envy, feeling of envy, enviousness, jealousy, jealousness and being jealous in the above ways.
~This is called the fetter of jealousy.
(1127). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of meanness-and stinginess?
There are five kinds of meanness-and stinginess, viz., (1) meanness and stinginess regarding dwelling place; (2) meanness and stinginess regarding kinsmen and followers; (3) meanness and stinginess regarding one's wealth; (4) meanness and stinginess regarding one's good looks and reputation; (5) meanness and stinginess regarding one's knowledge.
There are such meanness-and-stinginess, being mean and stingy, the fact of meanness and stinginess, not wanting to share with others, miserliness, niggardliness, unwillingness of the mind to give.
~This is called the fetter of meanness-and-stinginess.
(1128). Of those (ten fetters), what is the fetter of ignorance?
There are: ignorance of dukkha, ignorance of the cause of dukkkha, ignorance of the cessation of dukkha (Nibbana), ignorance of the practice leading to the cessation of dukkha, ignorance of past existences, ignorance of future existences, ignorance of (both) past and future existences, ignorance of the relation between cause and effect (as set out) in the Theory of Cause and Effect (Paticcasamuppada).
There are: ignorance, not seeing (the Truth), incomprehension (of the Truth), lack of proper knowledge (of the Truth), misapprehension (of the impermanent, etc. nature of phenomena), lack of penetrative knowledge, inability to grasp well (the impermanent, etc. nature of phenomena), inability to grasp completely (the Truth as it really is), inability to view correctly (the impermanent, etc. nature of phenomena), inability to reflect properly, inability to distinguish between right and wrong, that which destroys purity of mind, foolishness, lack of clear comprehension, bewilderment, intense bewilderment, absolute bewilderment, lack of comprehension of the Four Ariya Truths, whirlpool of ignorance, yoke of ignorance, potential ignorance, upsurge of ignorance, barrier of ignorance, bewilderment which is the root cause of demeritoriousness.
~This is called the fetter of ignorance.
(i) (1477). What are the dhamma which are fetters?
There are ten fetters, namely, (1) kamaaraga sannojana, fetter of attachment to sense pleasures; (2) patigha sannojana, fetter of ill-will; (3) mana sannojana, fetter of conceit; (4) vicikiccha sannojana, fetter of uncertainty; (6) silabbataparamasa sannojana, fetter of wrong view of the practice of morality; (7) issa sannojana, fetter of jealousy; (9) macchariya sannojana, fetter of meanness-and-stinginess; (10) avijja sannojana, fetter of ignorance.
The fetter of attachment to sense pleasures arises in eight thoughts associated with greed; the fetter of ill-will arises in two thoughts associated with distress; the fetter of conceit arises in four thoughts associated with greed but not associated with wrong view.
The fetter of wrong view of the practice of morality arises in four thoughts associated with wrong view; the fetter of craving for better existences arises in four thoughts associated with greed but not associated with wrong view.
The fetter of jealousy and the fetter of meanness-and-stinginess arise in two thoughts associated with distress.
The fetter of ignorance arises in all demeritorious thoughts.
~These are the dhamma which are fetters.
